Xi Jinping, Michel Foucault, and Spy Balloons? Communist China's Theory of Control and Visions of a Post-Westphalian World Order
Dr. Christopher Ford • August 30, 2023
The National Security Law Journal has published Dr. Ford's article on China's challenge to the rules-based Westphalian international order, which discusses international legal theory, complex systems thinking, Chinese Communist Party social control methodologies, and Beijing's global surveillance and censorship. You can find the article on NSJL's website here, or use the button below to download a PDF.


Below is the prepared text upon which Dr. Ford based his shorter oral remarks to the U.S-China Nuclear Workshop on November 19, 2025, convened by the Protect on Managing the Atom and the Council on Strategic Risks, held at the Belfer Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.








