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A Four-Faction Heuristic "WXYZ" Model for Exploring U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Politics

Dr. Christopher Ford • Apr 07, 2022

On March 31, 2022,  Hoover Institution Press published Dr. Ford's essay "A Four-Faction Heuristic 'WXYZ' Model for Exploring U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Politics" in its essay series. 


In this paper, Dr. Ford offers a model to help explain US arms control policy and politics over the last two decades. In this framing, policy decisions are the result of contestation, bargaining, and coalition dynamics between four “WXYZ” factions within the policy community, ranging from dovish “Ws” to hawkish “Zs.”  This schema can illuminate major US arms control policy debates and decisions over the last generation.  You can find the essay on Hoover's website here, or use the button below to download a PDF.



Download WXYZ Paper
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